Survival Sounds in Insects: Diversity, Function, and Evolution

نویسندگان

چکیده

Insect defense sounds have been reported for centuries. Yet, aside from the well-studied anti-bat of tiger moths, little is understood about occurrence, function, and evolution these sounds. We define a sound as an acoustic signal (air- or solid-borne vibration) produced in response to attack threat by predator parasitoid that promotes survival. Defense described 12 insect orders, across different developmental stages, between sexes. The mechanisms defensive production include stridulation, percussion, tymbalation, tremulation, forced air. Signal characteristics vary species, we discuss how morphology, intended receiver, specific functions could explain this variation. Sounds can be directed at predators non-predators, proposed startle, aposematism, jamming, alarm, although experimental evidence hypotheses remains scant many insects. evolutionary origins insects not rigorously investigated using phylogenetic methodology, but most cases it hypothesized they evolved incidental associated with non-signaling behaviors such flight ventilatory movements. Compared our understanding visual defenses insects, sonic are poorly understood. recommend future investigations focus on testing explaining survival predator-prey experiments comparative phylogenetics.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['2296-701X']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.641740